Salinity groundwater in eastern province saudi arabia Term Paper

Salinity groundwater in eastern province saudi arabia - Term Paper Example As such, the country suffers from the consequent desert effects, which include lack of enough clean water since there are no perennial rivers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia depends on surface water resources which include the annual rainfall of about 300mm that occurs between October and March in southeast Saudi Arabia (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009). Moreover, other parts in Saudi Arabia depend on groundwater especially in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Just like in any other part of the world, water quality is very fundamental for the development of civilization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Indeed water quality helps in establishing a database for planning future water resources development strategies in the country. Notably, the central and eastern region in Saudi Arabia depends on groundwater for domestic and industrial purposes. Geologists and other environmental experts confirmed that six major consolidated sedimentary old-age aquifers called the Arabian Shelf are the main sources of groundwater in Saudi Arabia (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009). Depending on the geochemistry of the underlying aquifer, the groundwater from the Arabian Shelf contains dissolved salts and other components that contaminate the available water in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Various factors define the quality and contamination levels of groundwater. Such factors include the irregular recharge in arid regions (Sharaf, 2012). Such variations occur in different times and in different places including the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Most assuredly, the chemical and physical components in the groundwater may be in significant levels that lead to adverse health and environmental effects. In the Arabian Shelf, such constituents are in excess of their permissible limits that promotes health hazards and environmental problems (Al-Zarah, 2007). This

The attitudes and behaviour of the parents Essay Example for Free

The attitudes and behaviour of the parents Essay An Assignment showing appreciation of social and Historical Influences,  and Cultural Contexts  The Attitudes and Behaviour of the parents (and parental figures) in Romeo and  Juliet were normal in their time but may be considered unacceptable today.  Discuss. To what degree are they responsible for the eventual tragedy? Romeo and Juliet tells the tragic story of two star-crossed lovers and the circumstances under which the meet their death. The play expresses strong ideas of life and the responsibilities and roles we take on as it progresses. One of the roles and influential themes of the play undertaken by both Lord and Lady Capulet, and Lord and Lady Montague is parenthood. Although they are Romeo and Juliets biological parents, there is also the nurse, surrogate mother to Juliet, and Friar Lawrence, surrogate father and confident to both Romeo and Juliet. Where as modern parents take part in all aspects of a childs upbringing and welfare, to a degree, parents of the 16th century hired nurses to care for their children. With this absence of interaction between parents and children from a young age, it is not surprising Lady Capulet felt uncomfortable talking to Juliet in Act1 Scene3, to the extent she even had to call the nurse back in the room after asking her to leave. This is the matter. Nurse, leave us awhile,  We must talk in secret. Nurse, come back again;  This lack of emotional connection between mother and daughter is also apparent in the way Juliet addresses her mother.  Madam, I am here, what is your will?  This suggests they do not have the balanced relationship we have come to expect today, in which each party has an even say depending on the circumstances regardless of age. However at the time of Romeo and Juliet, dominant Parental and Fatherly, in particular, figures were not uncommon, although have virtually disappeared now. Time has altered the role of the father, he now has one primal objective, to provide for his family. A womans role in the family has also changed. Noble women of the 16th century were in a vulnerable position, without a man they held little or no power. They were uneducated intellectual matters and those of a servant woman, such as cooking and cleaning.  Lord Capulet exhibits a prime example of fatherly dominance in his rage, when Juliet refuses to marry Count Paris, treating Juliet as an object to increase his status;  And you be mine, Ill give you to my friend. Throughout the play we see Lord Capulet change his feelings towards his daughter. When Juliet refuses to marry Count Paris a great rage erupts inside Lord Capulet. In his anger he displays a side of himself that today would cause outrage. He insults and wounds Juliet emotionally with insults such as;  Hang thee young baggage, disobedient wretch,  This shows Lord Capulets disregard for Juliets feelings as if they were a burden. He also talks o Juliet as a curse;  And that we have a curse having her. However, initially Lord Capulet shows compassion towards Juliet, reluctant at first to marry her off to Count Paris.  But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart,  This is natural protective behaviour, and is perfectly acceptable in todays society. With this he introduced the quite modern concept of bridal choice and consent;  My will to her consent is but a part;  And she agreed, within her scope of choice  Lies my consent and fair according voice.

Comparing Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Pauls

Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Paul's Case      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bond between a parent and a child is one of the strongest things on this earth. The relationships between father and son in the novel The Chosen by Chaim Potok, the poem "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and the short story "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show this strong bond. In all three genres father and son are the most prominent characters. All have the absence or near absence of mother figures. They also all show how important a father is to his son. The Chosen by Chaim Potok, "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show the importance of father-son relationships through the fathers' involvement in their sons' lives, the fathers teaching their sons life skills, and the fathers' immense love for their sons.    The fathers in The Chosen, "The Gift," and "Paul's Case" all show involvement in their sons' lives through the care that they give them and the help they give them. In The Chosen, David Malter showed a great amount of care for his son Reuven. When Reuven was in the hospital, David often would come to visit him to see if he was all right. He was also always kind and understanding towards Reuven, even if Reuven did something he didn't approve of. Potok writes, "He looked at me and I saw his eyes were suddenly sad. 'I did not intend to scold you,' he said"(Potok 64). In "The Gift," the speaker's father also showed care towards the speaker in the removing of the splinter. The father did it in such a way as to give the child no pain. The speaker says, "To pull the metal splinter from my palm / my father recited a story in a low voice / I watched his lovely face and not the blade / before the ... ... and their love for their sons, no matter what kind of love it may be. The father-son relationship is enhanced in these works by the absence of mothers, who had either passed on or were not very essential to the plot of the work. Through these works, the importance of a father-son relationship can truly be shown.    Works Cited    Cather, Willa. "Paul's Case." Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. 7th ed. Ed. Thomas R. Arp. Ft.   Worth: Harcourt, 1998. 154-169. Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. Ballantine Books. New York City, New York. 1967.    Works Consulted:   Chang, Juliana. "Reading Asian American Poetry." MELUS 21.1 (Spring 1996): 81-98    Lee, Li-Young. Rose. New York: BOA, 1986. -----. The City in Which I Love You. New York: BOA, 1990. -----. The Winged Seed: A Remembrance. New York: Simon, 1995.    Comparing Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Paul's Father-Son Relationships in The Chosen, The Gift, and Paul's Case      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The bond between a parent and a child is one of the strongest things on this earth. The relationships between father and son in the novel The Chosen by Chaim Potok, the poem "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and the short story "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show this strong bond. In all three genres father and son are the most prominent characters. All have the absence or near absence of mother figures. They also all show how important a father is to his son. The Chosen by Chaim Potok, "The Gift" by Li-Young Lee, and "Paul's Case" by Willa Cather all show the importance of father-son relationships through the fathers' involvement in their sons' lives, the fathers teaching their sons life skills, and the fathers' immense love for their sons.    The fathers in The Chosen, "The Gift," and "Paul's Case" all show involvement in their sons' lives through the care that they give them and the help they give them. In The Chosen, David Malter showed a great amount of care for his son Reuven. When Reuven was in the hospital, David often would come to visit him to see if he was all right. He was also always kind and understanding towards Reuven, even if Reuven did something he didn't approve of. Potok writes, "He looked at me and I saw his eyes were suddenly sad. 'I did not intend to scold you,' he said"(Potok 64). In "The Gift," the speaker's father also showed care towards the speaker in the removing of the splinter. The father did it in such a way as to give the child no pain. The speaker says, "To pull the metal splinter from my palm / my father recited a story in a low voice / I watched his lovely face and not the blade / before the ... ... and their love for their sons, no matter what kind of love it may be. The father-son relationship is enhanced in these works by the absence of mothers, who had either passed on or were not very essential to the plot of the work. Through these works, the importance of a father-son relationship can truly be shown.    Works Cited    Cather, Willa. "Paul's Case." Perrine's Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense. 7th ed. Ed. Thomas R. Arp. Ft.   Worth: Harcourt, 1998. 154-169. Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. Ballantine Books. New York City, New York. 1967.    Works Consulted:   Chang, Juliana. "Reading Asian American Poetry." MELUS 21.1 (Spring 1996): 81-98    Lee, Li-Young. Rose. New York: BOA, 1986. -----. The City in Which I Love You. New York: BOA, 1990. -----. The Winged Seed: A Remembrance. New York: Simon, 1995.   

International Trade Essay -- Economics essays research papers

International Trade What is International Trade?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International trade is defined as trade between two or more partners from different countries in the exchange of goods and services. In order to understand International trade, we need to first know and understand what trade is, which is the buying and selling of products between different countries. International Trade simply is globalization of the world and enables countries to obtain products and services from other countries effortlessly and expediently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  International trade has been in existence throughout history and has an economic impact on the participating countries. Trade in most countries has a share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and helps to boost the countries overall economy on a yearly basis. International Trade for the United States is available to all business and companies and is flourishing, even though as a country we import more goods than we export, which affects our country’s economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the central body of the multilateral trading system-based in Geneva. The WTO primary job is to oversee the functioning and administration of trade agreements, including dispute settlements and serves as a forum for future trade negations and law makings. The WTO review legal matters and disputes and is the reviewing body or â€Å"watchdog† over international trade. The WTO agreements cover goods, services, intellectual property and set procedures and the govern...

Marketing educational organizations

The basic resource of society is (will be) knowledge and value is to be created by productivity and innovation (Drucker 1993). Amidon (2002), in her recent work entitled The innovation superhighway: harnessing intellectual capital for collaborative advantage states that the rapid shift in orientation over the past 50 years from data to information to knowledge is a profound and fundamental change that highlights the importance of individual and collective knowledge in the new economy.   The rapid changes that have taken place in this new era have created a â€Å"new economy† that presents new challenges and problems. There are now new markets that are available and the traditional mindsets or practices that have been utilized by institutions and foundations in the past may even be no longer applicable to the current scenario.   This short discourse seeks to explain how these changes have created an impact in the â€Å"new economy† by highlighting the influence that these changes have made to modern education administration theory in relation to the emerging contemporary marketing perspectives. As previously mentioned, the basic resource of society is (will be) knowledge and value is to be created by productivity and innovation (Drucker 1993).   While this may not necessarily be a new concept, it certainly creates an added dimension in this discussion as it leads to three (3) implications. The first being that educational institutions are no longer immune or removed from the â€Å"new economy†, as was previously thought; the second implication being that education presently being looked upon to provide answers or solutions to the challenges of preparing people for this new environment or â€Å"new economy† and the third being that educational institutions need to face radical organizational change issues in order to be aligned with the â€Å"new economy† consumer and the operating requirements demanded by the â€Å"new economy†. In order to properly understand or comprehend the impact of these changes it is first essential to delve into a brief discussion of what marketing really means and how it is currently being understood in the context of the present day discussions regarding this issue.   â€Å"Marketing, according to Kotler (1994, p. 6), â€Å"is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they most need and want through creating, offering, and exchanging products of value with others†. As key to achieving organizational goals, marketing focuses on satisfying customers and meeting their needs and is central to any organizational improvement.   This aspect of marketing is what makes it essential to the concept of the â€Å"new economy† in that marketing determines the success of organizations existing and operating within the bounds of the â€Å"new economy.† Since the marketing has constantly evolved evolving from a concept with the purpose of convincing consumers that they should buy what is offered, to a conceptual base that suggest that the product or service be customized to meet and satisfy what consumers want, its applicability to modern education administration now becomes clear. There is no question that with the emergence of the â€Å"new economy† there has been a shift towards education being a basic resource of society (Drucker 1993).   What is questionable however is the extent that this shift is relevant to contemporary marketing perspectives.   The answer to this question lies in the relevance that education has in the application of contemporary marketing perspectives. As an ongoing conceptual evolution in practice, marketing in education is the key to gaining a competitive advantage over the other players in the field.   While this relevance may substantially vary from one educational institution to another, there are some elements of marketing that have always (arguably) existed in educational institutions. As Amidon highlights, this is now the essential ingredient for economic prosperity (Amidon 2002).   The reason for this is because of the impact that education has on contemporary marketing perspectives.   In this highly competitive â€Å"new economy†, for any player to survive and to prosper, it must be able to sustain its advantage over the other players.   This can only be achieved by employing an effective strategy aimed at developing the current advantages and addressing the needs as posed by the current disadvantages which the organization is faced with.   An effective strategy however necessarily entails initiating an analysis of the total operating environment (Porter 1996). There are those however who are highly critical of the idea of applying contemporary marketing perspectives to modern education administration theory, citing that there is no need to apply such perspectives because of the fact that educational institutions are beyond the realm of these perspectives and are hence inapplicable to the current scenario.   But as shown in the earlier discussion, the emergence of the â€Å"new economy† has indeed prompted the examination of traditional views and practices and necessitated the application of new theories such as contemporary marketing perspectives. The resistance to such application also springs from the fact that most of these educational institutions are too focused on the perceived failure or threats from the application of such theories that they, in essence, become too hesitant to institute or implement such changes (Kotler 1985).   The tendency of institutions to embrace these perspectives only when they are confronted with problems that they cannot deal with at a time when the application of these perspectives may become too late is the real problem.   Institutions, according to Kotler, must learn to realize and understand that the analysis of opportunities is more important than focusing on the perceived threats and dangers that come from its utilization in such a scenario (p 75). Marketing of education has been approached mainly from the operational level as tools for student recruitment and income generation. Responsible marketing in education, as called for by its terms of reference, is concerned with how to effectively bring students into contact with programs that are both beneficial and rewarding from the broadest sense of personal as well as societal fulfillment (Liu 1998). Most, if not all, of the current individual educational institutions are at any of the three (3) stages in terms of their understanding and application of marketing to modern education administration.   While it has been argued that in the current scenario marketing is only at the early stages of development in most educational institutions, typically at stage 1 or stage 2 of this continuum, there promises to be more growth and development in this field because of the relevance that it has as discussed in the previous segments of this discourse.   Marketing, therefore, as a selling or product based concept can be applied to modern education administration. The application of marketing perspectives to educational theories is possible in many different aspects.   One of these aspects is in recruitment, which is analogous to the earlier theory of coming up with a strategy.   In this aspect, marketing can play a very important role as it will effectively make the educational institution stand out and become more recognizable.   When products become increasingly similar, companies need to segregate themselves from the rest of the players to create a preference for their offerings. This is similar to the current scenario which exists in the education sector wherein most schools provide the same basic services and information as others.   By employing marketing strategies, such as branding, these educational institutions are able to distinguish themselves from the other players in the field by promising that the company's offering will create and deliver a certain level of performance, and in this case that the education offered will be exactly what the target market needs in order to succeed (Kotler 1994). The concept of branding is also applicable to a stage one (1) or stage two (2) marketing approach which essentially is limited to recruitment.   The ability of branding to increase recruitment is only one aspect as branding has also been shown to increase retention and referral.   This however exposes a fundamental difference between the various approaches to marketing education. A stage three (3) marketing approach incorporates a focus on what can be termed the 3Rs: †¢ recruitment – student (and parent) †¢ retention – student (and parent) †¢ referral – student (and parent).   The successful implementation of these strategies however clearly creates for opportunities for any educational institution than it does threats and therefore strengthens the position that there indeed is an advantage that contemporary marketing perspectives can bring to the field of modern education administration. In conclusion, the dawning of the â€Å"new economy’ which emphasizes the primacy of knowledge and education also brings about new challenges and opportunities for the field of education administration.   In order to capitalize on this whoever education institutions need to recognize the fact that there are indeed more benefits to be gained from employing these perspectives and should instead consider marketing and strategy concepts that allow for sophisticated planning, implementation and monitoring procedures to anticipate and meet customer needs and enhance satisfaction in line with the current development in marketing theories. References: Amidon, DM (2002) The innovation superhighway: harnessing intellectual capital for collaborative advantage, Butterworth-Heinemann, USA Drucker, Peter (1993) Post capitalist society, Butterworth Heinemann, UK Kotler, Philip (1994) Marketing management, Prentice-Hall International, USA. Liu, Sandra (1998) Integrating Strategic Marketing on an Institutional Level Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Journal of Marketing for HIGHER EDUCATION

Road Accident Essays

Road Accident Essays Road Accident Essay Road Accident Essay police reported and unreported injury, and damage-only accidents) need to be considered. Reported RTAs can be only an underestimate of the actual total that occurs each year. While underreporting exists in all countries, the severity indices found in developing countries indicate a much more serious problem xists in the developing world. Road accident costing offers an opportunity to overcome underreporting as hospital surveys often identify casualty totals much higher than police RTA figures (for example, in the PRC, Ministry of Health statistics show 111,000 road accident deaths whereas official police statistics for the same year [1994] show 66,362 road accident deaths). Similarly, with so few vehicles insured in developing countries, insurance company People needing medical care. Cost of police and fire personnel responding to accidents. Loss of productive work time to those involved. Loss of productive work time for friends to attend funerals Cost to clean up the road and replace damaged sections, signs, and guardrails. accident claims may represent only a fraction of the total vehicle damage costs incurred in the country. By identifying the total impact of road accidents, road accident costing reveals the true extent of the problem in both the human casualty toll and also in economic terms. Road accidents pose a serious drain on scarce financial resources and medical services. RTA victims mainly belong to the most productive age range and have often just begun to pay back their debts to society.

Rositas Day of the Dead essays

Rositas Day of the Dead essays This was an entertaining performance; it sent a real message under the guise of a humorous diversion from reality into the perceived (or believed?) world of the previously living, otherwise known as calacas, or the bony ones. The main character Rosita is originally from Mexico; she has since moved far from her birthplace and her family, not as far geographically, but certainly worlds away emotionally. As the story opens, we hear a calaca say levantase! We then see calacas coming from every direction into Rositas kitchen; lively music plays as they seem to discover that they can touch solid objects without passing through them. Some carry suitcases; one sits down and drinks a cup of coffee, another seems fascinated with a sugar dispenser. As sunlight comes, they quickly scurry away, out of sight. Now, as at other times, one is a little slower than the others and narrowly escapes discovery. We get a taste of Rositas sassy side when she greets the customer from Clovis, who becomes part of the audience, thus signifying, in my view, that the character is not as significant as the reason why she is there (Was this really an actor, or merely a patron of the theatre, tapped to be our customer because of the seat she chose?): Rosita tells her story to the customer, the story of her day of the dead. Of course, the story would not be complete without snippets of background, which she provides to the customer, and thus, to the audience. Marisabel, Rositas granddaughter, bounds in with the revelation that she has spoken to her dead grandmother; Rosita doesnt really seem to believe her until Marisabel speaks her grandmothers name. It is then that the series of strange happenings is revealed to us: the nail shop, the travel agency, the produce delivery person, and the trip to the afterlife Mictlan. ...